Acoustic nonlinearity within a tissue can also be a confounder.
Several previous studies have demonstrated that region of interest size, unit, probe load, anatomical area, breathing, pulsation, and depth can all contribute to variability in SWE measurements. There are three potential sources of variability: fundamental technical limitations associated with measurement accuracy and repeatability, imaging-related variability, and patient-related confounders. SWE has been used in a wide range of non-vascular applications and found to provide reliable and clinically valuable estimates of tissue stiffness. Shear wave elastography (SWE) is a quantitative imaging tool that provides a color SWE map over a greyscale B-mode image. The difference between YM between anterior and posterior walls is attributed to an artifact of the SWE technique that has not previously been reported and requires further investigation. US SWE was able to assess YM in CCAs although YM measurements were highly variable. Mean YM of right anterior and posterior proximal and distal ROIs was significantly different (58.3 kPa vs 51 kPa p < 0.001). Mean YM of anterior and posterior proximal and distal ROIs of the left side was significantly different (58.9 kPa vs 52.4 kPa p < 0.001). Mean YM of both anterior proximal and distal region of interest (ROIs) of the right CCA was significantly different (61 kPa vs 55.6 kPa p < 0.001). The purpose of this study was to quantify sources of variability associated with SWE measurements in common carotid artery (CCA). However, there is limited evidence about the variability in Young’s modulus (YM) estimates. Recently, vascular shear wave elastography (SWE) applications have gained the interest and shown potential clinical value.
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